P·01 Products / Immune checkpoint
Clone TG1 · Cat. no. DIA-TG1-M · RRID AB_3750391
11 clone-specific peer-reviewed publications
Full list with DOI and PMID: publications.
Mouse monoclonal antibody for studying TIGIT in human FFPE tissue. Clone TG1 has been identified by clone or catalog number in eleven peer-reviewed studies, covering brightfield IHC, automated platforms and fluorescence multiplex IHC.
TG1 is explicitly identified by clone or catalog number in eleven peer-reviewed publications — including Hodgkin lymphoma, seminoma, lung cancer, gallbladder cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, uveal melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. Three AACR 2018 congress posters are documented separately (section P·09) and are not counted among these publications.
A systematic study evaluated 1,778 tumors representing 86 tumor entities and also documented TG1 in normal and inflammatory tissues, with Western blotting, ELISA and pre-absorption reported as specificity assessments.
Documented manual and Leica Bond RX starting protocols from the manufacturer; independent studies report Dako Autostainer Link 48, Agilent Omnis and fluorescence multiplex IHC. Conditions must be validated in the user's laboratory.
IHC image gallery and ONCOdianova reference images: section P·03 ↓
P·02 Technical data
| Product | Anti-TIGIT (Human) from Mouse |
|---|---|
| Clone | TG1 (monoclonal) |
| Catalog number | DIA-TG1-M (historical designation: DIA-TG1) |
| Distributor catalog number | ODN-DIA-TG1-M (BIOZOL) |
| RRID | AB_3750391 |
| Target | TIGIT — T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (Gene ID 201633, UniProt Q495A1) |
| Immunogen | Recombinant peptide from the extracellular domain of human TIGIT |
| Isotype | Mouse IgG1/κ |
| Reactivity | Human |
| Conjugation | Unconjugated |
| Format | 100 µl, lyophilized; antibody purified from culture supernatant |
| Reconstitution | Restore to 100 µl with sterile distilled water; gentle shaking for 10 minutes |
| Formulation | PBS, pH 7.4, 2% BSA, 0.05% sodium azide · BSA-free high-concentration variant on request |
| Applications | IHC on FFPE tissue; Western blot |
| IHC starting range | 1:50 – 1:150 — 1:50 for biotin/(strept)avidin-based detection, 1:100–1:150 for polymer-based detection; optimal dilution to be determined by the user for tissue, fixation, platform and detection system |
| Epitope retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval required; autoclave 121 °C, 5 min, Tris-EDTA-citrate pH 7.8 recommended |
| Positive control | Tonsil |
| Staining pattern | Membranous (lymphocyte subsets) |
| Storage | Lyophilized at 2–8 °C; long-term at −20 °C (stable for at least one year); reconstituted at 2–8 °C short term (several weeks); avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles |
| Status | Research Use Only |
Unless independently referenced (RRID, gene and protein entries link to their registries; published staining conditions are documented in the publications section), the technical data above are manufacturer specifications from datasheet V17 (25 Feb 2025) and tech note V1 (Nov 2019). Historical DIA-TG1 specifications (including 200 µg and 0.4 mg/ml) must not be transferred to the current DIA-TG1-M product (100 µl). Published dilutions range from 1:25 to 1:150 depending on study and method; each laboratory must validate its own conditions.
P·03 IHC gallery
7 figures (10 images) from Tech Note V1 and datasheet V17, explicitly assigned to clone TG1 there – original ONCOdianova images at the resolution embedded in the PDFs: tonsil at three magnifications, retrieval comparison on the Leica Bond RX, Western blot, tonsil (datasheet), Hashimoto thyroiditis, colorectal carcinoma and sarcoid granuloma.
Microphotographs of TG-1 immunostaining on human tonsil at 100×, 200× and 400× (ONCOdianova reference images, Tech Note V1, Fig. 1).
Antibody dilution 1:50 · antigen retrieval: autoclave in TEC buffer (Tris-EDTA-citrate, pH 7.8) at 121 °C for 5 min · Zeiss Axiocam MRc camera, AxioVision SE64 software, Zeiss Axioskop 40 microscope · no image enhancement or manipulation. Images at the resolution embedded in the Tech Note PDF.
ONCOdianova reference image · clone TG1 labelled in source documentNormal human tonsil with numerous TIGIT-positive lymphocytes (ONCOdianova reference image, datasheet V17, Fig. A).
Datasheet figure heading: „Immunohistochemistry of human TG1 in routine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples“. Different field of view from the Tech Note tonsil series. Resolution as embedded in the datasheet PDF (346 × 211 px).
ONCOdianova reference image · clone TG1 labelled in source documentTIGIT IHC on tonsil after heat-induced epitope retrieval at pH 9.0 (left) versus pH 6.0 (right), Leica Bond RX (ONCOdianova reference images, Tech Note V1, p. 5).
The signal at pH 9.0 is markedly stronger than at pH 6.0 – a retrieval comparison, not a specificity claim.
ONCOdianova reference image · clone TG1 labelled in source documentWestern blot using recombinant TIGIT protein as a target for TG-1 (ONCOdianova reference image, Tech Note V1, Fig. 2). Increasing amounts of recombinant TIGIT (ng); antibody 1:500 in 5 % milk/PBST; band at approx. 20 kDa.
Documents antibody binding to the recombinant protein under the stated conditions. It is not, on its own, evidence of specificity in every IHC application.
ONCOdianova reference image · clone TG1 labelled in source documentInflammatory lymphoid infiltrate in Hashimoto thyroiditis (ONCOdianova reference image, datasheet V17, Fig. C).
Same photograph and legend as datasheet V17, figure C („Immunohistochemistry of human TG1 in routine FFPE tissue samples“); the datasheet shows a crop of this original (1772 × 1181 px).
ONCOdianova reference image · clone TG1 labelled in source documentTumor infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal carcinoma (ONCOdianova reference image, datasheet V17, Fig. B).
Note the datasheet’s own caveat that weak non-specific nuclear/nucleolar staining may occur in some epithelial tissues, e.g. colon cancer – only membranous lymphocyte staining is scored as TIGIT signal. Resolution as embedded in the datasheet PDF (346 × 211 px).
ONCOdianova reference image · clone TG1 labelled in source documentSarcoid granuloma interspersed with TIGIT-positive lymphocytes (ONCOdianova reference image, datasheet V17, Fig. D).
Resolution as embedded in the datasheet PDF (346 × 212 px).
ONCOdianova reference image · clone TG1 labelled in source document41 cases from the gallery of the previous website. They document TIGIT-positive lymphocytes in normal lymphatic tissue, mucosa and tumors of various organs.
Strong TIGIT expression in a large number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a seminoma with dense lymphocytic infiltrate.
Strong TIGIT expression in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a seminoma with sparse lymphocytic infiltrate.
High fraction of TIGIT positive cells in peritumoral lymphocytes in a case of penis carcinoma.
Low grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with scattered infiltrate containing TIGIT positive lymphocytes.
High grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with focal accumulation of TIGIT positive lymphocytes.
Dense peritumoral and intratumoral infiltrate of TIGIT positive lymphocytes in a case of a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
High frequency of TIGIT positive lymphocytes in a lymphoepithelial carcinoma.
Dense peritumoral infiltrate of TIGIT positive lymphocytes in a laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Invasive urothelial carcinoma with dense peritumoral and intratumoral infiltrate of TIGIT positive lymphocytes.
TIGIT IHC, overview and detail.
High frequency of TIGIT positive lymphocytes in a Hodgkin lymphoma.
TIGIT positive lymphocytes are present in the peritumoral and intratumoral lymphocytic infiltrate of a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
High frequency of TIGIT positive intratumoral lymphocytes in a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
TIGIT positive lymphocytes are located peritumoral but not intratumoral in a squamous cell carcinoma.
Sparse TIGIT positive lymphocytes in a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung with strong desmoplastic reaction.
High density of TIGIT positive lymphocytes in a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
TIGIT positive lymphocytes in a bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung.
High frequency of TIGIT positive lymphocytes in an adenocarcinoma of the lung.
High frequency of peritumoral TIGIT positive lymphocytes in a large cell adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Abundant TIGIT positive lymphocytes in an adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.
High number of TIGIT positive lymphocytes in an angiosarcoma.
Frequent TIGIT positive lymphocytes in a liposarcoma.
TIGIT positive lymphocytes are abundant in a Warthin tumor.
Dense infiltration of an ovarian carcinoma by TIGIT positive lymphocytes.
A cervix uteri squamous cell carcinoma with numerous intratumoral TIGIT positive lymphocytes.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with peritumoral and intratumoral infiltrate of TIGIT positive lymphocytes.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with abundant intratumoral infiltrate of TIGIT positive lymphocytes.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with a high number of intratumoral TIGIT positive lymphocytes.
Peritumoral TIGIT positive lymphocytes in a case of endometrium carcinoma.
High density of TIGIT positive lymphocytes in a medullary breast cancer.
A case of medullary breast cancer with abundant TIGIT positive lymphocytes.
High density of peritumoral and intratumoral TIGIT positive lymphocytes in a medullary breast cancer.
TIGIT positive lymphocytes in the subepithelial tissue of the lip (oral epithelium).
Oral mucosa with TIGIT positive lymphocytes in the subepithelial stroma.
Oral mucosa with intraepithelial and subepithelial TIGIT positive lymphocytes.
Abundant TIGIT positive lymphocytes in the spleen.
TIGIT positive lymphocytes are frequent in the thymus.
Thymus with high number of TIGIT positive lymphocytes.
TIGIT positive lymphocytes are abundant in the mucosa of the appendix.
Appendix mucosa with dense accumulation of TIGIT positive lymphocytes.
Appendix mucosa with TIGIT positive lymphocytes.
Magnification as given in the original file name; overview left, detail right.
All images and legends are original ONCOdianova material. The clone-attributed reference images are every figure embedded in Tech Note V1 and datasheet V17, extracted from the PDFs at their embedded resolution; they document staining with clone TG1 under the stated conditions. Where a document does not state magnification, dilution or detection, this is said in the legend rather than supplemented. The historical gallery illustrates the tissues studied with ONCOdianova's anti-TIGIT immunohistochemistry. None of the images is a performance claim for other laboratories, platforms or protocols.
P·04 Documented starting protocols
Historical starting protocols. Both procedures come from Tech Note V1 (November 2019), which was written for the predecessor format DIA-TG1 (200 µg, 0.4 mg/ml, reconstitution in 500 µl). These quantity and concentration values are not specifications of the current product DIA-TG1-M (100 µl, reconstitution in 100 µl). Dilutions are starting values; each laboratory validates tissue, fixation, platform and detection itself.
* TBST wash buffer (#K8000, DAKO)
** Incubate 5 min after the autoclave has reached 121 °C
*** TEC stock solution = 20× Tris-EDTA-citrate buffer: per 1 l distilled water dissolve 5 g Trizma base (Sigma T 1503), 10 g EDTA (Merck 1.08418.0250), 6.4 g trisodium citrate (Sigma C 0909); adjust to pH 7.8 using 1 mol/l HCl
According to datasheet V17, an automated protocol was established on the Leica Bond RX. Independent publications additionally document use on the Dako Autostainer Link 48 and Agilent Omnis (see publications).
Dispense volume per step 150 µl according to the Tech Note. The Tech Note additionally shows a tonsil staining comparing HIER at pH 9.0 versus pH 6.0, with a markedly stronger signal at pH 9.0 – see the reference image “Bond RX, HIER pH 9.0 / pH 6.0” in the IHC gallery (P·03).
P·05 Interpretation guide
The manufacturer describes membranous staining of various lymphocyte subtypes. Tonsil is the documented positive control; in the published TMA study, TIGIT was detected in CD8+, CD4+ and FOXP3+ T cells and NK cells, but not in B cells, macrophages or dendritic cells.[1]
Datasheet V17 and Tech Note V1 state that weak non-specific nuclear or nucleolar staining may occur in some epithelial tissues, for example colon cancer. Such signal should not be scored as TIGIT positivity; run positive and negative controls in parallel.
Western blotting, ELISA and pre-absorption are reported as specificity assessments,[1] and the manufacturer shows binding to recombinant TIGIT. None of this establishes diagnostic or predictive performance. For research use only.
P·06 Target background
TIGIT (T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains; also VSTM3, VSIG9) is an inhibitory receptor of the poliovirus receptor/nectin family. Upon binding its ligands CD155 (PVR) and CD112 (nectin-2), which are expressed on antigen-presenting cells, it delivers inhibitory signals to T cells and NK cells (UniProt Q495A1).
In human FFPE tissue studied with clone TG1, TIGIT was detected in CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+ T-helper cells, FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and NK cells, but not in CD11c+ dendritic cells, CD68+ macrophages or CD20+ B lymphocytes. TIGIT expression paralleled that of PD-1: more than 70% of TIGIT+ cells were PD-1+, and more than 90% of PD-1+ cells were TIGIT+. In tonsil, expression increased from the interfollicular area towards the germinal centre; among inflammatory diseases, the strongest signal was found in Hashimoto thyroiditis.[1]
TIGIT+ lymphocytes were seen in all 86 tumour entities examined, with considerable variability within and between entities and particularly high densities in squamous cell cancers of various origins.[1]In Hodgkin lymphoma, 9–99% (median 86%) of lymphoid background cells were TIGIT+, with TIGIT and PD-1 localising to the same cells.[2] TIGIT is therefore studied as an inhibitory checkpoint receptor of the tumour microenvironment. Clone TG1 is a research tool for such studies; it carries no diagnostic or therapeutic claim.
Bracketed numbers refer to the publication list below. Target biology is kept separate from clone-specific product claims.
P·07 Publications
All eleven studies name clone TG1 or catalog number DIA-TG1 in their methods. Publication titles are quoted verbatim; a biomarker named in a title is part of the study, not an ONCOdianova product. Clone-specific evidence and general TIGIT biology are kept in separate sections. Reported platform and dilution details document the respective published use — they are not a general guarantee for every laboratory protocol. Congress posters (AACR 2018) are listed separately under documents and are not counted here.
P·08 FAQ
TG1 is a mouse monoclonal antibody against human TIGIT (catalog number DIA-TG1-M), used as a research reagent. Clone-specifically published applications include IHC on FFPE tissue, brightfield IHC and fluorescence multiplex IHC.
Yes. Multiple peer-reviewed publications explicitly name TG1 or DIA-TG1 and document its use on human FFPE material.
The manufacturer states an IHC starting range of 1:50 to 1:150 (1:50 for biotin/streptavidin-based detection, 1:100 to 1:150 for polymer-based detection). Published conditions range from 1:25 to 1:150 depending on study and method. Each laboratory must validate the optimal condition for its own workflow.
Heat-induced epitope retrieval is required. The manufacturer recommends stringent heat pretreatment in an autoclave at 121 °C for 5 minutes in Tris-EDTA-citrate buffer, pH 7.8 (TEC buffer); the documented Leica Bond RX protocol uses high-pH retrieval (ER2, pH 9.0, 100 °C, 20 min).
Yes. The manufacturer documented a Leica Bond RX protocol (Tech Note V1). Independent peer-reviewed studies additionally report use on the Dako Autostainer Link 48 and Agilent Omnis. Conditions from these sources are starting points and must be validated locally.
The manufacturer states that TG1 stains cell membranes of various lymphocyte subtypes and that weak non-specific nuclear or nucleolar staining may occur in some epithelial tissues, for example colon cancer. Tonsil is the recommended positive control.
Yes. TG1 has been used in peer-reviewed fluorescence multiplex IHC studies. Published conditions apply to the respective experimental setups and must be re-optimized when transferred to other systems.
TG1 and TG2 are two separate mouse monoclonal hybridoma clones against human TIGIT with separate catalog numbers (DIA-TG1-M and DIA-TG2-M). TG1 is the clone-specifically published clone: eleven peer-reviewed studies name TG1 or DIA-TG1 in their methods, and it carries RRID AB_3750391. TG2 is documented by its own datasheet, and shows higher affinity, stronger tonsil staining intensity and higher dilutability compared with TG1 (documented on the TG2 page). Evidence of one clone is not transferred to the other.
Clone TG1. Eleven peer-reviewed studies name TG1 or DIA-TG1 in their methods and document IHC on human FFPE tissue, including brightfield IHC, automated platforms and fluorescence multiplex IHC. For clone TG2, no peer-reviewed publication has been identified.
Eleven peer-reviewed studies name TG1 or DIA-TG1 in their methods, covering lymphatic tissue, inflammation and cancer (Blessin 2019), Hodgkin lymphoma (Li 2018; Annibali 2021), seminoma (Hinsch 2019), gallbladder cancer (Albrecht 2021), non-small cell lung cancer (Mori 2023), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma (Lonsdorf 2024), Merkel cell carcinoma (Toberer 2025), colorectal cancer (Murakami 2022), melanoma (Niebel 2022) and uveal melanoma (Koch 2025). The full list with DOI and PMID is in the publications section of this page.
Human tonsil. The manufacturer names tonsil as the positive control, and a published study additionally used tonsil germinal centers as positive control on an automated platform.
A membranous staining pattern of various lymphocyte subtypes. In the published TMA study, TIGIT was detected with TG1 in CD8+, CD4+ and FOXP3+ T cells and NK cells, but not in B cells, macrophages or dendritic cells.
Clone TG1: peer-reviewed studies document its use in fluorescence multiplex IHC on human FFPE tissue. For clone TG2, no published multiplex study has been identified; multiplex evidence is not transferred between the clones.
Yes. The Research Resource Identifier is AB_3750391, assigned to product DIA-TG1-M, clone TG1.
No. TG1 is intended for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
P·09 Documents
Product data, instructions for use, references and figures A–D.
Download PDF ↓Manual and Leica Bond RX staining procedures, tonsil (100×/200×/400×), retrieval comparison and Western blot figures.
Download PDF ↓Material safety data sheet.
Download PDF ↓The previous oncodianova.com offered these three AACR 2018 poster PDFs for download. They are congress presentations, not peer-reviewed publications, and are not counted in the clone-specific publication list (P·07).
“Prevalence of TIGIT expression in normal tissues, inflammation, and cancer.” Blessin NC et al., Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Dianova GmbH, Hamburg.
Download PDF ↓“High variability of TIGIT expression in Hodgkin’s lymphoma.” Simon R et al., Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Dianova GmbH, Hamburg.
Download PDF ↓“Expression and Significance of PVR-TIGIT/CD226, An Immune Checkpoint Axis in Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Yu H et al.; data provided by the Hirsch Biomarker Analysis Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver.
Download PDF ↓The original 2018/2020 website announcements for these posters are preserved unchanged in the scientific archive.
Ordering. ONCOdianova products are purchased through our distribution partner BIOZOL Diagnostica Vertrieb GmbH, Oehleckerring 11–13, 22419 Hamburg, Germany — order requests by e-mail: order@biozol.de (CC info@oncodianova.com). See also order information and distributors (in preparation).
Datasheet V17 (25 Feb 2025) is the current datasheet for DIA-TG1-M. Historical product formats named in the documents (DIA-TG1, 200 µg) are not specifications of DIA-TG1-M. Related: TG2 (separate anti-TIGIT clone) · R12 (CD112R/PVRIG) · KK3 (CD73/NT5E) · TC8 (CD8) · FX3 (FOXP3).