What is clone R12?
R12 is a mouse monoclonal antibody (IgG1/κ) raised against a recombinant peptide of human CD112R, also called PVRIG (gene PVRIG). It is offered as a research reagent for immunohistochemistry on human formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, in brightfield IHC and in fluorescence multiplex IHC.
What is DIA-R12?
DIA-R12 is the ONCOdianova catalog number of the anti-CD112R/PVRIG antibody clone R12: mouse monoclonal (IgG1/κ), reactivity human, IHC on FFPE tissue, 100 µl lyophilized, tonsil as positive control. The distributor catalog number at BIOZOL is ODN-DIA-R12. For research use only.
Is R12 suitable for human FFPE IHC?
Yes. R12 is documented for IHC on human FFPE tissue: the datasheet documents a starting range of 1:100 to 1:200, heat-induced epitope retrieval, tonsil as positive control and a membranous lymphocyte staining pattern, and clone R12 (DIA-R12) is named in a peer-reviewed multiplex study on FFPE colorectal cancer tissue. For research use only.
Which antibody clone detects CD112R/PVRIG in human FFPE tissue?
ONCOdianova clone R12 (DIA-R12) detects the receptor CD112R/PVRIG in human FFPE tissue, documented for brightfield IHC and fluorescence multiplex IHC. It does not detect the ligand CD112/NECTIN2. No comparison with clones of other manufacturers is made.
What is CD112R?
CD112R, also called PVRIG, is an inhibitory immune-checkpoint receptor expressed in T-cell and NK-cell biology. It binds the ligand CD112 (nectin-2) and competes with the costimulatory receptor CD226 for it. Clone R12 detects CD112R/PVRIG in human FFPE tissue.
What is PVRIG?
PVRIG (poliovirus receptor-related immunoglobulin domain-containing protein; gene PVRIG, formerly C7orf15) is the gene and protein name of the receptor also known as CD112R. These statements describe the target; the ONCOdianova research antibody against CD112R/PVRIG is clone R12.
Is PVRIG the same as CD112R?
Yes. PVRIG and CD112R are two names for the same inhibitory immune-checkpoint receptor. CD112 (NECTIN2), by contrast, is the ligand of this receptor and a distinct molecule.
What is the difference between CD112, CD112R and PVRIG?
PVRIG is also known as CD112R — the two names denote the same inhibitory immune-checkpoint receptor, expressed in T-cell and NK-cell biology. CD112 (NECTIN2) is the ligand of CD112R/PVRIG and is a distinct molecule, expressed on antigen-presenting cells and tumor cells. Clone R12 targets human CD112R/PVRIG, not CD112/NECTIN2.
What is the difference between CD112 and CD112R?
CD112 (NECTIN2) is the ligand: a cell-surface molecule expressed on antigen-presenting cells and tumor cells. CD112R (PVRIG) is the receptor that binds this ligand on T cells and NK cells. Clone R12 detects the receptor CD112R, not the ligand CD112.
What is the difference between PVRIG and NECTIN2?
PVRIG (CD112R) is the inhibitory receptor; NECTIN2 (CD112, formerly PVRL2) is its ligand. They are distinct molecules encoded by different genes. Clone R12 targets PVRIG/CD112R, not NECTIN2/CD112.
Does R12 target CD112 or CD112R?
Clone R12 targets human CD112R (PVRIG), the receptor. It does not target CD112 (NECTIN2), the ligand.
Is CD112 the ligand of CD112R/PVRIG?
Yes. CD112 (nectin-2; gene NECTIN2, formerly PVRL2) is the ligand of the receptor CD112R/PVRIG and is a distinct molecule that is not detected by clone R12.
Are there peer-reviewed publications using clone R12?
Yes. Yang et al., Modern Pathology 2023 (PMID 36788088) name clone R12 and catalog number DIA-R12 in their antibody table and used the antibody in fluorescence multiplex IHC on 523 colorectal cancers. The doctoral thesis of Jansen (University of Hamburg, 2020/2021) names DIA-R12 in its methods. Both were verified in the full text on 29 August 2026.
Is R12 used in multiplex immunohistochemistry?
Yes. Clone R12 (DIA-R12) is named in a peer-reviewed fluorescence multiplex IHC study of 523 colorectal cancers (Yang et al., Modern Pathology 2023) and in the multiplex methods of a doctoral thesis (Jansen 2020/2021), and ONCOdianova gallery images document CD112R × CD8 and CD112R × FOXP3 multiplex staining.
Is R12 used in multiplex immunofluorescence?
Yes. The published use of DIA-R12 is fluorescence-based multiplex IHC: Yang et al. 2023 used the antibody within an Opal panel (antigen retrieval pH 7.8, 1:500, Opal 570) on FFPE tissue. Published conditions are study-specific and must be re-optimized for other systems.
Can R12 be combined with CD8 in a multiplex panel?
A published fluorescence multiplex panel combined CD112R (clone R12), CD8, PD-1 and Ki67 on FFPE colorectal cancer tissue (Yang et al. 2023), and ONCOdianova images show CD112R × CD8 multiplex staining of tonsil. Every new panel must be verified for tissue, antibody order, retrieval, dilution and detection.
What is the recommended dilution for R12 IHC?
The datasheet states 1:100 to 1:200 for polymer-based peroxidase/DAB detection on FFPE sections; the previous product page used 1:150 in its manual protocol. The published multiplex study used 1:500 within an Opal panel – a study-specific condition. The optimal dilution must be determined by the user for each tissue, fixation, platform and detection system.
Which epitope retrieval does R12 require?
Heat-induced epitope retrieval is required. The datasheet recommends an autoclave at 121 °C for 5 minutes in Tris-EDTA-citrate buffer, pH 7.8 (TEC buffer). The published multiplex study also used antigen retrieval at pH 7.8 for the R12 step.
What positive control tissue is documented for R12?
Tonsil is listed as a positive-control tissue for clone R12, with a membranous staining pattern of lymphocyte subsets. The gallery includes CD112R × CD8 and CD112R × FOXP3 multiplex images of normal human tonsil.
Has R12 been validated for sensitivity and specificity?
Yes. Clone R12 has been validated for sensitivity and specificity in human tissue IHC applications, across a large number of normal and tumor tissues.
Does R12 have a high signal-to-noise ratio?
Clone R12 combines high specificity with an inherently high signal-to-background ratio, making it well suited for multiplex IHC studies on human tissues. No comparison with other manufacturers’ clones is made.
What is known about background staining with clone R12?
In ONCOdianova validation, clone R12 showed no background staining in non-lymphoid and epithelial cells. This statement applies to the documented validation context and is not a claim of universal background-free staining in every tissue or protocol.
Can R12 be used for Western blot?
The doctoral thesis of Jansen reports that the specificity of DIA-R12 was examined by Western blot, ELISA and pre-absorption with CD112R protein.
What is the documented validation scope of clone R12?
Clone R12 was validated for sensitivity and specificity on a large number of normal and tumor tissues and showed no background staining in non-lymphoid and epithelial cells; it combines high specificity with an inherently high signal-to-background ratio, making it well suited for multiplex IHC studies on human tissues. Independently published clone-specific evidence includes brightfield IHC and fluorescence multiplex IHC on human FFPE tissue (Yang 2023; Jansen 2020/2021), including the Western blot, ELISA and pre-absorption checks reported in the Jansen thesis.
Can R12 be used on automated staining platforms?
The datasheet states that the antibody is suited for immunohistochemical staining on automated platforms, and the previous product page stated that the protocol is applicable to automated staining procedures.
What is the role of PVRIG in T cells and NK cells?
CD112R/PVRIG is a coinhibitory receptor on human T cells and NK cells. It binds CD112 (nectin-2) with high affinity, competes with the costimulatory receptor CD226 (DNAM-1) for this ligand, and its blockade — alone or together with TIGIT — enhanced T-cell and NK-cell functions in published in-vitro studies. These statements describe target biology; they are not performance evidence for clone R12.
Is R12 intended for diagnostic use?
No. R12 is intended for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.